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cit. Text of the main part of the Final Document in Appendix 3, p. 388-395Stuart Maslen (2004), op. (operative paragraphs 5–7) 15 December: The UN General Assembly adopts Resolution 49/75 D "Moratorium on the Export of Anti-Personnel Land-Mines", which urges States to declare such a moratorium, stating i. a.: A small number of core groups mobilized on the landmines problem worked closely with a wider variety of NGOs, including churches, prominent children's and women's rights groups, disarmament and development groups, in order to produce concerted political pressure, as well as with the media to keep the issue in the forefront. Please complete this form by 12 June 2020. In its first operative paragraph States are urged:" to pursue vigorously an effective, legally binding international agreement to ban the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel landmines with a view to completing the negotiations as soon as possible".A major threat to the project of a Total ban Convention as endorsed by the 1996 Ottawa Conference was the danger of being watered down.
cit. "Emphasizes the importance of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects and its Protocols as the authoritative international instrument governing the responsible use of anti-personnel land-mines and related devices." p. 196, Text: on p. 201-205Stuart Maslen (2004), p. 29-30. Stating i. a.: This purpose is defined in the second paragraph of the "Chairman’s Agenda for Action on Anti-Personnel Mines".
point 0.49, and note 139, p. 26Stuart Maslen, op. Currently, there are 164 States Parties to the Treaty.Criticism from academics, security officials, and diplomats is based on both the political process and the substance. "Also encourages further immediate international efforts to seek solutions to the problems caused by anti-personnel land-mines, with a view to the eventual elimination of anti-personnel land-mines; (operative paragraph 6)"15–19 January: The Review Conference of the CCW resumed its work in Geneva but could not find consensus on the reforms proposed to improve Protocol II. A recurrent opportunity for States to indicate their support for the ban on antipersonnel mines is their vote on the annual UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution calling for universalization and full implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty.
Point 0.43, and note 128, page 24. One example was the well-intended attempt made by Canada to win the support of Countries opposed to a total ban – in particular the USA – by proposing a new approach: To replace the Draft Convention by a new text, composed of a "Chapeau-Convention", containing generalities only, and four annexed protocols, each one dealing with one of the main prohibitions: production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines.Countries opposing a total ban of APM’s because of their military necessities had an obvious interest to prevent any negotiations on a total ban and in particular in free standing negotiations as proposed by Austria.
This call to action led directly to the signing of the "Convention on the Prohibition on the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction" commonly known as the 'mine ban treaty' one year later in December 1997. cit.Text of this Resolution in Appendix 2, p. 342-343Stuart Maslen (2004), Text in Appendix 2, p. 343-345Stuart Maslen: (2004) op.
cit. Jänner 1997Stuart Maslen (2004), op. cit.Point 0.75, and note 190 on p. 37 and Point 0.95, on p.46Stuart Maslen (2004) op. The text of the proposal of the ICBL is in Appendix 4, p. 398-404, the text of the Belgian draft follows on p. 404Werner Ehrlich (1996) op. 72 countries have taken this option. As a result, ratification has been far from universal, and many of the states that do not currently intend to ratify the treaty possess large stockpiles of anti-personnel mines.Ukraine has also signaled that they might have to withdraw from the treaty due to military necessity.Opponents of banning anti-personnel mines give several reasons, among them that mines are a cheap and therefore cost-effective The Ottawa Treaty does not cover all types of unexploded ordnance. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, known informally as the Ottawa Treaty, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, or often simply the Mine Ban Treaty, aims at eliminating anti-personnel landmines (AP-mines) around the world. ; Text in Appendix 2; p. 348Stuart Maslen: The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. The Convention entered into force on 1 March 2009.