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Theban silk was prized above all others during this period, both for its quality and its excellent reputation.Though severely plundered by the Normans in 1146, Thebes quickly recovered its prosperity and continued to grow rapidly until its conquest by the Latins of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.Thanks to its wealth, the city was selected by the Frankish dynasty de la Roche as its capital, before it was permanently moved to Athens. In 424 BC, at the head of the Boeotian levy, they inflicted a severe defeat on an invading force of Athenians at the Battle of Delium, and for the first time displayed the effects of that firm military organization that eventually raised them to predominant power in Greece.After the downfall of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War, the Thebans, having learned that Sparta intended to protect the states that Thebes desired to annex, broke off the alliance. However, during the late 1980s and 1990s the bulk of industry moved further south, closer to Athens. Ancient Greek civilization - Ancient Greek civilization - Theban expansion: After its expulsion from Thebes, Sparta had steadily lost ground in central Greece. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Thebes: The Forgotten City of Ancient Greece. After its conquest in 1311 the city was used as a capital by the short-lived state of the Catalan Company.In 1379, the Navarrese Company took the city with the aid of the Latin Archbishop of Thebes, Simon Atumano.Latin hegemony in Thebes lasted to 1458, when the Ottomans captured it. 480 BCE: Thebes sides with Persia during Xerxes invasion of Greece. For other cities called Thebes, see Thebes.Remains of the Cadmea, the central fortress of ancient ThebesFor a discussion of the many mythical kings of Thebes and their individual feats, see Theban kings in Greek mythology.Further information: Epaminondas, Theban hegemony, and Boeotarch Portions of the historical section were taken from the The death of Cassander in 297 BC created a power vacuum throughout much of Greece, which contributed, in part, to Thebes' besiegement by Demetrius Poliorcetes in 293 BC, and again after a revolt in 292 BC. The Sacred Band of Thebes (an elite military unit) famously fell at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC against Philip II and Alexander the Great. The great citadel of Cadmea served this purpose well by holding out as a base of resistance when the Athenians overran and occupied the rest of the country (457–447 BC). Until the 1980s, it had a flourishing agrarian production with some industrial complexes. The castle built by Nicholas II of Saint Omer on the Cadmea was one of the most beautiful of Frankish Greece. The proximity to other, more famous travel destinations, like Athens and Chalkis, and the undeveloped archaeological sites have kept the tourist numbers low.For the city in Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. Thebes: The Forgotten City of Ancient Greece - Kindle edition by Cartledge, Paul. 431 BCE - 404 BCE: Thebes sides with Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian War. At the Battle of Haliartus (395 BC) and the Battle of Coronea (394 BC), they again proved their rising military capacity by standing their ground against the Spartans. The city recovered its autonomy from Demetrios in 287 BC, and became allied with Lysimachus and the Aetolian League.During the early Byzantine period it served as a place of refuge against foreign invaders. With the death of Epaminondas at the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), the city sank again to the position of a secondary power. The other three become units of the larger municipality.The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends that rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence that they exerted on the literature of the classical age. Modern Thebes is the largest town of the regional unit of Boeotia.Thebes is situated in a plain, between Lake Yliki (ancient In 2011, as a consequence of the Kallikratis reform, Thebes was merged with Plataies, Thisvi, and Vagia to form a larger municipality, which retained the name Thebes. They carried their arms into Peloponnesus and at the head of a large coalition, permanently crippled the power of Sparta, in part by freeing many helot slaves, the basis of the Spartan economy. For the American sport shooter, see William Demarest (sport shooter). Thebes renewed rivalry with Athens, who had joined with them in 395 BC in fear of Sparta, but since 387 BC had endeavored to maintain the balance of power against its ally, prevented the formation of a Theban empire. The aversion to Athens best serves to explain the apparently unpatriotic attitude which Thebes displayed during the Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC).